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Peru - Government
Based on the etymology of Peru, it was the name may derive from the Guarani word biru, meaning "river". The Government system in this country is the presidential republic type and the different Administrative divisions includes: 24 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento), 1 province* (provincia), and 1 constitutional province** (provincia constitucional); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao**, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huánuco, Ica, Junín, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
National symbols
Vicuna (a camelid related to the llama).
The flag
The National flag of Peru has no official description available.
The National Anthem
| Title | N/A |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music | N/A |
More about the government of Peru
| Date of Independence | 28 July 1821 (from Spain) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Independence Day, 28-29 July (1821) |
| Legal system | civil law system |
| International law organization participation | accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
| Constitution | |
| History | Several previous; latest promulgated 29 December 1993, enacted 31 December 1993 |
| Amendment process | Proposed by Congress, by the president of the republic with the approval of the Council of Ministers or by petition of at least 0.3% of voters; passage requires absolute majority approval by the Congress membership, followed by approval in a referendum; a referendum is not required if Congress approves the amendment by greater than two-thirds majority vote in each of two successive sessions |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | yes |
| Citizenship by descent only | yes |
| Dual citizenship recognized | yes |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 2 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President José Enrique JERÍ Oré (since 10 October 2025) |
| Head of government | President José Enrique JERÍ Oré (since 10 October 2025) |
| Cabinet | Council of Ministers appointed by the president |
| Election/appointment process | president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for nonconsecutive terms) |
| Most recent election date | 11 April 2021, with a runoff on 6 June 2021 |
| Election results | 2021: Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones (PL) 18.9%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi (FP) 13.4%, Rafael LOPEZ ALIAGA Cazorla (RP) 11.8%, Hernando DE SOTO Polar (Social Integration Party) 11.6%, Yonhy LESCANO Ancieta (AP) 9.1%, Veronika MENDOZA Frisch (JP) 7.9%, Cesar ACUNA Peralta (APP) 6%, George FORSYTH Sommer (VN) 5.7%, Daniel Belizario URRESTI Elera (PP) 5.6%, other 10%; percent of vote second round - Jose Pedro CASTILLO Terrones 50.1%, Keiko Sofia FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9% 2016: Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi (FP) 39.9%, Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard (PPK) 21.1%, Veronika MENDOZA (FA) 18.7%, Alfredo BARNECHEA (AP) 7%, Alan GARCIA (APRA) 5.8%, other 7.5%; percent of vote in second round - Pedro Pablo KUCZYNSKI Godard 50.1%, Keiko FUJIMORI Higuchi 49.9% |
| Expected date of next election | 12 April 2026 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature name | Congress of the Republic (Congreso de la República) |
| Legislative structure | Unicameral |
| Number of seats | 130 (all directly elected) |
| Electoral system | Proportional representation |
| Scope of elections | Full renewal |
| Term in office | 5 years |
| Most recent election date | 4/11/2021 |
| Parties elected and seats per party | Free Peru (PL) (37); Popular Force (FP) (24); Popular Action (AP) (16); Alliance for Progress (APP) (15); Go on Country - Social Integration Party (AvP) (10); Popular Renewal (RP) (9); We Are Peru" (SP) - Purple Party (PM) (9); Other (10) |
| Percentage of women in chamber | 41.5% |
| Expected date of next election | April 2026 |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Supreme Court (consists of 16 judges and divided into civil, criminal, and constitutional-social sectors) |
| Judge selection and term of office | Justices proposed by the National Board of Justice (a 7-member independent body), nominated by the president, and confirmed by the Congress; justices can serve until mandatory retirement at age 70 |
| Subordinate courts | Court of Constitutional Guarantees; Superior Courts or Cortes Superiores; specialized civil, criminal, and mixed courts; 2 types of peace courts in which professional judges and selected members of the local communities preside |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Alfredo Santiago Carlos FERRERO DIEZ CANSECO (since 27 February 2024) |
| Chancery | 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 833-9860 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 659-8124 |
| Email address and website | Webadmin@embassyofperu.us Embassy of Peru in the United States - E-United States - Platform of the Peruvian State (www.gob.pe) |
| Consulate(s) general | Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Dallas, Denver, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (NJ), San Francisco |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador-designate Bernardo NAVARRO; Chargé d’Affaires Joan PERKINS (since 18 April 2025) |
| Embassy | Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17 s/n, Surco, Lima 33 |
| Mailing address | 3230 Lima Place, Washington DC 20521-3230 |
| Telephone | [51] (1) 618-2000 |
| FAX | [51] (1) 618-2724 |
| Email address and website | lima_webmaster@state.gov https://pe.usembassy.gov/ |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 13 (9 cultural, 2 natural, 2 mixed) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Cuzco (c); Machu Picchu (m); Chavin (c); Historic Lima (c); Huascarán National Park (n); Chan Chan (c); Manú National Park (n); Lines and Geoglyphs of Nazca (c); Rio Abiseo National Park (m); Historic Arequipa (c); Sacred City of Caral-Supe (c); Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System (c) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Peru
Info
No additional political notes.
International organization participation
All Important Facts about Peru
Want to know more about Peru? Check all different factbooks for Peru below.
