● Each country is a unique chapter in the BOOK OF HUMANITY, written in the sweat and blood of people whose PAGES will now remain forever ● 每个国家都是《人类之书》中独特的一章，由人们的汗水与鲜血写就，而他们的篇章如今将永世留存 ● Каждая страна — уникальная глава КНИГИ ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСТВА, написанная потом и кровью людей, чьи СТРАНИЦЫ теперь будут оставаться навсегда ●
Brazil - Government
National symbols
Southern Cross constellation.
The flag
The National Anthem
| Title | N/A |
|---|---|
| Lyric/music | N/A |
More about the government of Brazil
| Date of Independence | 7 September 1822 (from Portugal) |
|---|---|
| National holiday | Independence Day, 7 September (1822) |
| Legal system | civil law |
| International law organization participation | has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction |
| Constitution | |
| History | Several previous; latest ratified 5 October 1988 |
| Amendment process | Proposed by at least one third of either house of the National Congress, by the president of the republic, or by simple majority vote by more than half of the state legislative assemblies; passage requires at least three-fifths majority vote by both houses in each of two readings; constitutional provisions affecting the federal form of government, separation of powers, suffrage, or individual rights and guarantees cannot be amended |
| Citizenship | |
| Citizenship by birth | yes |
| Citizenship by descent only | yes |
| Dual citizenship recognized | yes |
| Residency requirement for naturalization | 4 years |
| Executive Branch | |
| Chief of state | President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (since 1 January 2023) |
| Head of government | President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (since 1 January 2023) |
| Cabinet | Cabinet appointed by the president |
| Election/appointment process | president and vice president directly elected on the same ballot by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 4-year term (eligible for a single consecutive term and additional terms after at least one term has elapsed) |
| Most recent election date | 2 October 2022, with runoff on 30 October 2022 |
| Election results | 2022: Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (PT) 48.4%, Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 43.2%, Simone Nassar TEBET (MDB) 4.2%, Ciro GOMES (PDT) 3%, other 1.2%; percent of vote in second round - Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (PT) 50.9%, Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 49.1% 2018: Jair BOLSONARO elected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 46%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 29.3%, Ciro GOMEZ (PDT) 12.5%, Geraldo ALCKMIN (PSDB) 4.8%, other 7.4%; percent of vote in second round - Jair BOLSONARO (PSL) 55.1%, Fernando HADDAD (PT) 44.9% |
| Expected date of next election | 4 October 2026 |
| Legislative branch | |
| Legislature name | National Congress (Congresso nacional) |
| Legislative structure | Bicameral |
| Judicial branch | |
| Highest court(s) | Supreme Federal Court or Supremo Tribunal Federal (consists of 11 justices) |
| Judge selection and term of office | Justices appointed by the president and approved by absolute majority by the Federal Senate; justices appointed to serve until mandatory retirement at age 75 |
| Subordinate courts | Tribunal of the Union, Federal Appeals Court, Superior Court of Justice, Superior Electoral Court, regional federal courts; state court system |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador Maria Luiza Ribeiro VIOTTI (since 30 June 2023) |
| Chancery | 3006 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 |
| Telephone | [1] (202) 238-2700 |
| FAX | [1] (202) 238-2827 |
| Email address and website | contact.washington@itamaraty.gov.br https://www.gov.br/mre/pt-br/embaixada-washington |
| Consulate(s) general | Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Hartford (CT), Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Orlando, San Francisco |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | |
| Chief of mission | Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Gabriel ESCOBAR (since 21 January 2025) |
| Embassy | SES - Avenida das Nações, Quadra 801, Lote 03, 70403-900 - Brasília, DF |
| Mailing address | 7500 Brasilia Place, Washington DC 20521-7500 |
| Telephone | [55] (61) 3312-7000 |
| FAX | [55] (61) 3225-9136 |
| Email address and website | BrasilliaACS@state.gov https://br.usembassy.gov/ |
| Consulate(s) general | Recife, Porto Alegre, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo |
| Branch office(s) | Belo Horizonte |
| National heritage | |
| Total World Heritage Sites | 24 (15 cultural, 9 natural, 1 mixed) |
| Selected World Heritage Site locales | Brasilia (c); Historic Salvador de Bahia (c); Historic Ouro Preto (c); Historic Center of the Town of Olinda (c); Iguaçu National Park (n); Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis (c); Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes (c); Central Amazon Conservation Complex (n); Atlantic Forest South-East Reserves (n); Historic Center of Salvador de Bahia (c); Sanctuary of Bom Jesus do Congonhas (c ); Brasilia (c ); Serra da Capivara National Park (c ); Historic Center of Sao Luis( c); Discovery Coast Atlantic Forest Reserves (n); Historic Center of the Town of Diamantina (c ); Pantanal Conservation Area (n); Brazilian Atlantic Islands: Fernando de Noronha and Atol das Rocas Reserves (n); Cerrado Protected Areas: Chapada dos Veadeiros and Emas National Parks (n); Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás (c); São Francisco Square in the Town of São Cristóvão (c ); Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountain and the Sea (c ); Pampulha Modern Ensemble (c ); Valongo Wharf Archaeological Site (c ); Paraty and Ilha Grande – Culture and Biodiversity (m); Sítio Roberto Burle Marx (c ); Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (n);Peruaçu River Canyon (n) |
Key Political parties and their leaders in Brazil
International organization participation
All Important Facts about Brazil
Want to know more about Brazil? Check all different factbooks for Brazil below.
